Article
MD.MONZURUL ISLAM
Assistant Professor of English
Dr. Abdur Razzak Municipal College,
Jessore
Article
Article: Noun ev Pronoun ‡K wbw`©ó A_ev Awbw`©ó K‡i cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ a, an, the e‡m|
GMy‡jv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Article e‡j| Question
G 4 wU welq we‡ePbv †hvM¨ a, an, the, X | wbqgvbyhvqx a,
an, the e‡m|
†Kvb Article bv _vK‡j X e‡m|
A I An Gi e¨envi
Rule-1. k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Consonant
_vK‡j Gi c~‡e© a
Ges Vowel
(a,e,i,o,u) _vK‡j an e‡m|
(i) This is a book. (ii)
This is an umbrella.
Rule-2. k‡ãi cª_‡g ‘e’
ev ‘u’ _vK‡j Ges Gi D”PviY ÕAvÕ Gi gZ bv n‡q ÕBDÕi gZ n‡j, Gi c~‡e©
an bv e‡m a e‡m|
(i) He is a European. (ii) The
cow is a useful animal.
Rule-3. ‡Kvb k‡ãi cÖ_‡g ‘h’
_vK‡j Ges Zv D”PvwiZ bv n‡j Zvi c~‡e© ‘a’ bv e‡m ‘an’ e‡m| (hour/ honourable)
(i) He is an honest man.
Rule-4. msw¶ß k‡ãi (abbreviation)
cÖ_‡g Consonant
_vK‡j Ges D”PviY Vowel Gi gZ n‡j Gi c~‡e© ‘an’ e‡m|
(i) He is an
F.R.C.S. / M.A/ M.B.B.S/ L.L.B/ M.B.A./M.D./ L.L.M
wKš‘ msw¶ß
k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j ‘a’ e‡m|
(ii) He is a B.A.
Rule-5. k‡ãi cÖ_‡g ‘O’ _vK‡j Ges
Gi D”PviY ÔIqvÕi gZ n‡j Gi c~‡e© a
e‡m|
(i) I saw a one-eyed man.
Rule-6. msL¨vevPK word ‡hgb hundred, dozen, thousand, million, pair BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© a
e‡m|
(i) He earns a
thousand taka a day. (ii) I have bought a dozen of pencils.
(iii) He has a
pair of shoes.
‡hme †¶‡Î A/ An e¨eüZ nq bv
Rule-7.
Plural noun Gi c~‡e© a/
an e‡m bv|
(i) X Cows are useful.
Rule-8.
Abstract noun Gi c~‡e© a/
an e‡m bv|
(i) X Honesty
is the best policy.
Rule-9.
KZK¸‡jv Uncountable noun ‡hgb advice, information, news, baggage BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© a/
an e‡m bv|
(i)
The police could not provide correct X
information.
Rule-11. Water, milk, tea, oil, paper, rice, gold, iron BZ¨vw` Material noun Gi c~‡e© a/ an e‡m bv|
(i) X Milk
is white. (ii) X Water has no colour of its own.
Rule-11. ‡Ljvi
bv‡gi c~‡e© a/ an e‡m bv|
(i)
X Football is played all over the world.
The Gi e¨envi
Rule-12. wbw`©ó K‡i
†Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘ ( GK ev GKvwaK) eySv‡Z
Zvi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) I know the man. (ii) The boys of this school are good.
Rule-13. ‡kªYx ev RvwZ eySv‡Z Singular Common Noun Gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The cow is
a useful animal. (ii) The English are brave.
wKš‘ Ôgvbyl RvwZÕi c~‡e© the e‡m bv|
(iii) X Man is
mortal.
Rule-14. RvwZi c~‡e© the e‡m wKš‘
fvlvi c~‡e© Õthe’ e‡m bv|
(i) The English can speak X
English fluently.
wKš‘ fvlvi
c‡i Language kãwU _vK‡j D³ fvlvi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(ii) The
English language is very interesting.
Rule-15. m¤cÖ`vq eySv‡Z Adjective Gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The
virtuous are happy.
Rule-16. b`x, mvMi,
gnvmvMi, n«` BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© the
e‡m|
(i)
The Padma is a big river. (ii) The
Pacific is the deepest ocean.
Rule-17. ce©Z †kªYx, ØxccyÄ BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The
wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ ce©Z ev Øx‡ci bv‡gi c~‡e© Õthe’ e‡m bv|
(ii) Everest is
the highest peak in the world.
Rule-18. KZK¸‡jv AwØZxq wRwbm †hgb
P›`ª, m~h©, c„w_ex, AvKvk BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m| (m„w÷KZ©v ev‡` hv wKQz AvwØZxq Zvi
c~‡e© the e‡m | )
(i)The earth is
round.
Rule-19. msev`cÎ, ag©MÖš’ Ges
gnvKv‡e¨i c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) I read the
Ittefaq daily. (ii) The Quran is a holy book to the Muslim.
Rule-20. we‡kl A_©c~Y© †`k ev ¯’v‡bi
bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The
Rule-21. wbw`©÷ Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The 16th
December is a red letter day of
Rule-22. cÖwm× ¯’vb ev cÖwZôvb,
HwZnvwmK NUbv BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© the
e‡m|
(i) The Tajmahal
stands on the Jamuna.
(ii) The battle
of Panipath is significant in the history of
Rule-23. ‡Uªb I Rvnv‡Ri bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The B.N.S.
Bangabandhu is the largest ship of
Rule-24. mvaviYZ Abstract Noun Ges Material Noun Gi c~‡e© the e‡m bv|
wKš‘ wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j G‡`i c~‡e© the
e‡m|
(i) The
kindness of Mohsin is praiseworthy. (ii) The gold of my ring is
pure.
Rule-25. Superlative
Degree-Gi Adjective Gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) He is the
best boy in the class. (ii) He is the
wisest man in the village.
Rule-26. School,
college, market, hospital, mosque, church, library, bar cÖf„wZ Noun hLb G‡`i
cÖK…Z D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ nq, ZLb G‡`i c~‡e© the e‡m bv| wKš‘ Ab¨ †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ G mKj ¯’vb
cwi`k©b Ki‡j G‡`i c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i)
He goes to school everyday. (ii)
He went to the school to meet Headmaster.
Rule-27. Musical
instruments Gi bv‡gi c~‡e© Õthe’ e‡m|
(i) The violin
is used in music.
Rule-28. Singular
designation (Dcvwa/ c`ex) Gi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) The Principal, the
President,
Rule-29. ‡Kvb Awbw`©ó Noun
wØZxq evi D‡jwLZ n‡q wbw`©ó n‡j †M‡j Zvi c~‡e© the e‡m|
(i) There is a tree in
the garden and the tree is very tall.
‡hme †¶‡Î The e¨eüZ nqbv:
Rule-30. Proper noun Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i)
X Dhaka is the capital
of
Rule-31. Awbw`©ó Material noun Gi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i) X Gold is a precious metal.
Rule-32. Abstract noun Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i)
X Honesty is the best policy.
(ii) X Kindness is a great virtue.
Rule-33. Allah ev God bv‡gi c~‡e© ‘the’
e‡m bv|
(i)
X Allah
has created this universe.
Rule-34.w`b, gv‡mi,
evoxi bv‡gi c~‡e© mvavibZ ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i)
X January
is the first month of the year. (ii) X Sunday is the first day of the
week.
Rule-35. ‡Ljvi
bv‡gi c~‡e© Ges Lvevi bv‡gi c~‡e© ‘the’
e‡m bv|
(i)
We like to play X football/
cricket/ hockey.
(ii)
We have X breakfast/ lunch/ dinner as usual time.
Rule-36. FZz I Drm‡ei bv‡gi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i)
X Summer
is a hot season. (ii) We will celebrate X New
Year’s Day.
e¨vwZµgt the
rainy season.
Rule-37. mvaviYZ †iv‡Mi bv‡gi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m bv|
(i)
He died of X cholera.
Practice:
Use articles where necessary:
Put a cross (×) where an article is not needed.
1. Truthfulness
is (a) ____ greatest of all (b) ____ virtues which makes (c) ____ person really
great. If we do not cultivate (d) ____ habit of speaking (e) ____ truth, we can
not command (f) ____ confidence of others. The man whom nobody believes can
never be famous in life. It may be that we may succeed once or twice by telling
(g) ____ lie but it never brings about (h) ____ good result. A lie never lies
hidden. Today or tomorrow it comes to light. Then (i) ____ real character of
(j) ____ liar is revealed and nobody believes him. All hate him and speak ill
of him behind his back.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
2. Patriotism
is a noble (a) ____ virtue. It inspires (b)____ man to shed last drop of blood
to defend the freedom of his (c)____ country. (d)____ man without patriotism is
no better than (e)____ beast. A true patriot is honoured by (f)____ all. He
thinks for (g)____ welfare of his country. On (h)____ other hand (i)____
unpatriotic man thinks only of his own interest. Those who die for (j)____
country are true patriots.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
3. Life is full of (a) ______ unfavourable
circumstances. (b) ______ great men in (c) ______ world bravely faced (d)
______ adverse situations. These situations bring out (e) ______ man's latent qualities. (f) ______ man is such circumstances learns many virtues
like fortitude and bravery. Only (g) ______ brave men can conquer (h) ______
obstacles of life. (i) _____ adverse situations have glorified (j) ______ minds
and characters of great men.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d)
(e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
4. (a)____
angry man is not liked even by (b)____ idiot. There is difference between
(c)____ educated and (d)____ uneducated. Again there is difference between
(e)____ rich and (f)____ poor. An educated (g)____ man should come forward to educating (h)____ uneducated man. On the
other hand, (i)____ rich man should have sympathy for (j) _______ poor man.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e)
(f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
5. A
brilliant student is (a)____ asset. One day he may be (b)____ engineer or
(c)____ M.B.B.S. doctor. He makes (d)____ best use of his time. He makes a
proper division of his time and does his duties accordingly. He knows that
youth is (e)____ golden period of (f)____ life. He has (g)____ aim in life. He
knows that (h)____ life without (i)____ aim is like (j)____ ship without a
rudder.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
6. A
library is (a)____ part and parcel of (b)____ educational institution. It is
(c)____ unique place where books of different subjects are kept for (d)____
reading. It enables (e)____ readers to read books of their choice that create
(f)____ enthusiasm for learning. Students should pay (g)____
visit to (h)____ library regularly. They can borrow books for (i) ____ certain
period and return them after (j) ____ given time.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e)
(f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
7. My
aunt lived on (a)____ ground floor of (b)____ old house on (c)____ river
Ans. (a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
8. Money
cannot buy (a)____ happiness. Money is (b)____ must for our life. But it is not
(c)____ necessary to bring out happiness. Happiness is absolutely (d)____
psychological thing. It is (e)____ name of (f)____ feeling. It means (g)____
contentment of the mind. He who is satisfied with what he gets and contented
with his life is really (h)____ happy man. Happiness cannot be purchased with
(i)____ money. No doubt money has something to do with (j)____ happiness but it
cannot give us happiness.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
9. (a)____
thing of beauty is (b)____ joy for ever. (c)____ flower is a beautiful (d)____
thing. Everybody likes (e)____ flowers, But it is a matter of sorrow that (f)____ flower is short lived. It does
not last long. The rose is (g)____ best of all flowers. (h)____ beauty of
(i)____ rose charms all. Sweet smell of flowers pleases people from
all (j) ____ walks of life.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
10. Though newspaper is not always (a) — unmixed blessing, it is (b) —
most useful thing in our life. We rarely think of (c) — day without reading (d)
— newspaper. Reading newspaper is one of (e) — good habits of a man. We shall
be like (I) — frog in a dark well if we neglect developing this habit. However,
some people prefer (g) — electronic media to reading (h) — newspaper. But (i) —
newspaper offers more to its readers than (j) — electronic media. (R.B-10)
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
11 Emperor
Shahjahan of Delhi built (a)____ Taj Mahal as (b)____ tomb for his wife in
(c)____ Agra. Architecturally, it is still one of (d)____ most wonderful
buildings in the world. (e)____ building is made of fine white marbles. It is
surrounded by (f)____ beautiful garden and (g)____ long pool infront of the building. People go to (h)____
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e)
(f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
12. It was (a)____ dark night. A blind man
was walking along (b)____ road with (c)____ lamp in his hand. Two men laughed
at (d)____ blind man. One said, “What’s (e)____ use of (g)____ lamp to a blind
man?” The other called him (g)____ fool. The blind man heard this and said,
“It’s for those who’re (h)____ careless .” “What (i)____ surprise”, said (j)____
other.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
13. Every
woman is (a)____ potential mother.
(b)____ future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (c)____
educated mother plays (d)____ important role. So (e)____ difference between an educated
and (f)____ uneducated mother can never be denied. An educated mother can bring
a child up better than (g)____ illiterate mother.
A good wife means an educated woman. She is the best friend to her (h)____
husband. Her words will go (i)____ long way to leave (j)____ indelible impression on
her husband’s mind.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
14. Population
of a country is (a)____ asset . It becomes (b)____ burden when (c)____
Country cannot afford to provide her
people (d)____ basic needs of life.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
15. Everybody
knows that sincerity is (a)____ key to success. (b)____ person can
prosper in life by doing hard work. The man who does not follow (c)____ rules
of sincerity can never go (d)____ long way in (e)____ world. Many (f)____ man
is not conscious of (g)____ importance of (h)____ sincerity for which they do not have
(i)____ benefit of (j)____ success. However, we should be sincere to our work.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
16. Illiteracy
is (a)____ great problem in our country. It is (b)____ great obstacle to
(c)____ way of (d)____ progress and there are many reasons behind it. Poverty
is (e)____ main cause of this illiteracy in (f)____ our country. Due to
poverty, (g)____ poor people cannot send their children to (h)____ school. So,
everybody should drive away (i)____ poverty from (j)____ society.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
17. Population
explosion is (a)____ constant threat to our environment and existence.
Especially in
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
18. (a)____
national flag is (b)____ symbol of (c)____ independence of a nation. Being
(d)____ free nation, we have (e)____ national flag of our own. (f)____ national
flag is the symbol of our national integrity, solidarity and (g)____
sovereignty. We achieved our national flag at (h)____ cost of (i)____ sea of
blood in 1971. Our national flag is (j)____ source of our spirits, hopes and
aspirations.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
19. We were returning home. On (a) _____ way we met (b) _____ little
girl. She was selling (C) ______ flowers on (d) _______ street. She requested
us to buy (e) _______flower. My mother is (f) ______ kind-hearted woman. (g)
_____ motherly affection rose at (h) _____ sight of her. She gave her (i)
_____ten taka note and bought some flowers. We should be kind to (j) _____
helpless. ( Dinajpur Board-2009)
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
20. Man
has no escape from (a)____ death. Sooner or later he will die. He dies in
(b)____ many ways. Many die of diseases and many die by accident. Again (c)____
some die from something excessive but those who die for (d)____ country are
martyrs. Many modern weapons can kill (e)____ men in (f)____ moment.
Things have been discovered to keep (g)____ dead body alive for long. So
(h)____ man is called mortal. It is (i)____ meaningless effort of (j)____ man
to try to escape from death.
Ans. (a)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
(h) (i) (j)
Class Test -1
1.
Use articles where necessary. Put a cross (x) where an article is not
needed.
A
computer is (a) ___ electronic instrument. It is called (b) ___ auto
calculator. It is (c) ___ invention of modern science. I has brought about (d)
___ great change in human (c) ___ life. Thought a computer is (f) ___ wonder it
cannot work itself. It works with the help of (g) ___ operator. A computer has
some major parts. (h) ___ invention of computer is (i) ___ result of hard
labour of many (j) ____ scientists.
2.
Use articles where necessary. Put a cross (x) where none is needed.
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